中国石油大学（北京）考试资料专科（二）

语文
一、基础知识(总34分)
1、下列各组词语中，没有错别字的一项是(   )        (B)  (2分)
A:朗颂   长吁短叹   百折不挠
B:梗概   建言献策   妙手偶得
C:世侩   波涛荡漾   别出心栽
D:契机   相形见拙   各行其是
2、下列诗句中，属于杜甫所作的是(  )               (D)  (2分)
A:问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流
B:绿树村边合，青山郭外斜
C:大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物
D:车辚辚，马萧萧，行人弓箭各在腰
3、填入下面一段文字的横线处，与上文衔接最恰当的一项是(  )  (A)  (2分)
____你坚持体育锻炼，你的身体____逐渐好起来，____体育锻炼能增进人们的健康。
①只要   ②只有  ③因为  ④就会
A:①④③
B:②④③
C:③①②
D:①③④
4、下列作品中，属于范仲淹所作的是(  )            (A)  (2分)
A:《岳阳楼记》     B:《石钟山记》       C:《师说》       D:《劝学》
5、把下面几个句子的顺序合理地调整过来的正确一项是(   )     (C)  (2分)
①二手房的交易量的攀升，
②今年的二手房交易更活跃一些
③相比往年的二手房市场
④显示出市民购房心态的成熟。
A:④①③②        B:②①④③       C:③②①④       D:①②③④
6、下列作品中，不属于鲁迅所作的是(   )(C)  (2分)
A:《记念刘和珍君》      B:《拿来主义》      C:《相思正是吐黄时》      D:《药》
7、下列各组词语中，有错别字的一项是(   )(D)  (2分)
A:心怀叵测   出奇   翔实  准许
B:过意不去   风靡   提案  命脉
C:姗姗来迟   浓度   部署  清脆
D:相形见拙   决择   融洽  倒塌
8、下列词语中加下划线的字的读音，完全正确的一项是（    ）(B)  (2分)
A: 针砭（biǎn）时弊    人才济济(jì)   叱咤(chà)风云
B:虎视眈眈(dān)      并行不悖(bèi)   素昧(mèi)平生
C:垂涎(yán)三尺      草菅(guǎn)人命  碱(xián)默无言
D:一曝(bào)十寒      自怨自艾(ǎi)    高屋建瓴(líng)
9、以下语句都选自曹冲《神奇的极光》中，对它们的说法符合课文意思的一项是（    ）(C)  (2分)
A:黄帝的母亲见极光感而受孕的故事，是世界上关于极光的最古老的神话传说。
B:极光是天空中一种特殊的光，是人们能看得见的唯一的高空大气现象。
C:在极光区内差不多每天都会发生极光活动。
D:在极盖区内，极光出现的机会反而要比纬度较高的极光区来得少。
10、以下语句都选自曹冲《神奇的极光》，依次填在下列横线上相应的虚词，恰当的一项是（   ）  (A)  (2分)
①__________有生花妙笔__________难述说出极　　　光的神采、气质、秉性、脾气于万一。
②在中低纬地区，__________是近赤道区域，很少出现极光，但并不是说压根儿观测不到极光。
③在强极光出现时，地面上物体的轮廓都能被照见，__________会照出物体的影子来。
④极光不仅是科学研究的重要课题，它还直接影响到无线电通信，长电缆通信，__________长的管道和电力传送线等许多实用工程项目。
A:即使   也   尤其   甚至   以及
B:虽然   但    甚至   尤其    以及
C:虽然   但    尤     甚至    甚至
D:即使   也   甚至   尤其     甚至
11、下列各组词语中，有错别字的一项是(   )(A)  (2分)
A:光阴荏冉   有持无恐   当仁不让
B:功亏一篑   迥然不同   呕心沥血
C:各行其是  毛骨悚然   潸然泪下
D:恬不知耻   莫名其妙   史无前例
12、依次填入横线处的词语，最恰当的一项是(   ) (A)  (2分)

• 无论工作有多忙，每天晚上，她都要把这一天发生的事情一五一十地____在日记中。

②据有关人士____，本次事故损失约2亿元之多。
③病人们都十分喜欢找张医生看病，他每天____的病人都在七八十人左右。
④每一位教师都必须认识到，____学生的学习兴趣和学习的自信，比教授知识更为重要。
A:记录   披露   诊治   激发           B:誊抄   宣称   诊治   刺激
C:记录   宣称   救治   激发           D:誊抄   披露   救治   刺激
13、把下面几个句子的顺序合理地调整过来的正确一项是(   ) (A)  (2分)
  ____，老师说：____，____，____。
①如果没有氧，光有氢
②都不能搞成水

• 化学课的时候
• 者没有氢，光有氧

A:③①④②        B:②①④③        C:③①②④        D:①②③④
14、下列词语中加下划线的字的注音，全都正确的一项是（    ）(A)  (2分)
A:苗圃（pǔ）  卓(zhuó)越   狭隘(ài)    荫(yìn)庇
B:忖(cǔn)度   暂(zhàn)行   怪癖(pǐ)   拟(nǐ)定
C:斡(wò)旋    焚(fén)毁    结束(sù)    菲(fěi)薄
D:摈(bìn)弃   炽(chì)热    掠(lüè)夺   冗(yǒng)长
15、下列各组词语中，只有一个错别字的一项是(   )(C)  (2分)
A:词不达意   冷寞   翔实   一筹莫展
B:不经之谈   偏辟   骈文   通霄达但
C:括不知耻   功臣   捐赠   一张一弛
D:甜言密语   倾轧   过程   严惩不怠
16、下列的各句中，加下划线的词语使用不正确的一项是（    ）(B)  (2分)
A:母亲含辛茹苦地把几个子女拉扯长大。
B:为了向女朋友表示自己的诚意，他在风雨中茕茕孑立地等了一个小时。
C:中国和朝鲜是唇齿相依、休戚相关的兄弟。
D:即便是找不到合适的工作，你也不要怨天尤人，要下力气壮大自己的就业实力。
17、把下面几个句子的顺序合理地调整过来的正确一项是(   ) (B)  (2分)
①错误让人沮丧不已
②同时也会令人骄傲
③成绩能够鼓励人
④但同时也可以使我们引以为戒
A:④①③②
B:③②①④
C:②①④③
D:①②③④
二、文言文阅读(总8分)
阅读下面文言文，完成下列题目
于是余有叹焉，古人之观于天地、山川、草木、虫鱼、鸟兽，往往有得，以其求思之深而无不在也。夫夷以近，则游者众；险以远，则至者少。而世之奇伟、瑰怪、非常之观，常在于险远，而人之所罕至焉，故非有志者不能至也。有志矣，不随以止也，然力不足者，亦不能至也。有志与力，而又不随以怠，至于幽暗昏惑而无物以相之，亦不能至也。然力足以至焉，于人为可讥，而在己为有悔；尽吾志也而不能至者，可以无悔矣，其孰能讥之乎？此余之所得也。
余于仆碑，又以悲夫古书之不存，后世之谬其传而莫能名者，何可胜道也哉！此所以学者不可以不深思而慎取之也。
18、下列句中的词的解释错误的一项是 （　　）(C)  (2分)
A:夫夷以近                     夷：平坦 
B:往往有得                     得：心得，收获
C:又以悲夫古书之不存           悲：以……为悲哀
D:后世之谬其传而莫能名者       谬：弄错
19、下面句子中画线词语的古今意义和用法基本相同的一项是 （ 　） (D)  (2分)
A:而世之奇伟、瑰怪、非常之观，常在于险远。
B:至于幽暗昏惑而无物以相之。
C:小学而大遗，吾未见其明也。
D:负而前驱，及凯旋而纳之
20、与“后世之谬其传而莫能名者”中的“名”用法相同的一项是 （　　　）(D)  (2分)
A:诸侯恐惧，会盟而谋弱秦。
B:火尚足以明也。
C:悦亲戚之情话，乐琴书以消忧。
D:假舟楫者，非能水也，而绝江河。
21、与“洎牧以谗诛，邯郸为郡”中的“以”意义和用法完全相同的一项是（　　　）(D)  (2分)
A:至于幽昏惑而无物以相之。
B:斧斤以时入山林。材木不可胜用也。
C:臣之客欲有求于臣，皆以美于徐公。
D:今所谓华山洞者，以其乃华山之阳名之也。
三、现代文阅读(总8分)
阅读下面的文字，完成下列题目。
大海的波涛声是自然界最纯美、浑厚、且颇具神秘色彩的“音乐”。然而是谁“弹奏”了这一曲曲动人的音乐呢？美国科学家一项最新的研究发现，浪花中大大小小的气泡便是一位位天才的“演奏家”。
海洋学研究所科学家认为，涛声的音质取决于形成海浪所特有的浪端气泡的体积大小。他们分别对在实验室水池中和开放的海洋中拍摄的高速录像进行了分析，并测算了浪端气泡的体积，进而为我们勾画出了一幅浪花中气泡形成的完整图画。
根据测算，科学家将气泡分成一大一小两个种类，“大气泡”直径约在1毫米至1厘米之间，而“小气泡”的直径则小于1毫米。科学家介绍说，大气泡和小气泡的形成过程不尽相同。海浪形成初期，浪尖会卷裹一部分空气形成一个管状空间，当海浪下落时，这个空间便被分割成若干部分，从而形成大气泡。当浪尖与海水再次相遇，飞溅起的浪花将海水表面的空气带入水中，小气泡就此诞生。根据科学家的结论，小气泡爆裂时所发出的声音要比气泡更为激烈。虽然大小气泡的形成过程不同，但两种过程都遵循了能量守恒的规律。这一规律在自然界中十分常见，如在地震和山体滑坡等自然现象中都可以找到它。
科学家认为，千万不要小瞧这些不起眼的气泡，它们不仅是“大海之音”的缔造者，更是大气与海洋相互作用的关键因素。通常，大大小小的气泡会将空气带入海洋中，为海洋生物提高大量所需的二氧化碳气体。气泡的大小决定着海水溶解二氧化碳气的数量，并且在很大程度上影响着大气中这一温室气体的含量。与此同时，气泡在海面爆裂的一瞬间，又向空中输送了丰富的水汽，有助于云的形成。上述看似简单的正反两个过程，却对整个地球的气候有着深远的影响。
22、第四段中“两个过程”指的是（　　　　）(C)  (2分)
A:气泡将空气带入海水中，同时为海洋生物提供二氧化碳气体。
B:飞溅的浪花形成小气泡，并将二氧化碳溶解在海水中。
C:气泡将空气带入海水中，并向空中输送丰富的水汽。
D:气泡溶解二氧化碳气，并将它提供给海洋中的生物。
23、能作为海浪气泡“对整个地球的气候有着深远的影响”这一结论依据的一项是（　　）(B)  (2分)
A:海水中大小气泡的形成都遵循了能量守恒的规律。
B:海浪气泡的多少和大小对减弱“温室效应”至关重要。
C:形成海浪的浪端气泡的体积大小决定着涛声的音质。
D:不起眼的气泡是大气与海洋相互作用的关键因素。
24、下列说法不符合原文意思的一项是（　　　　）(B)  (2分)
A:海浪中的气泡能发出纯美、浑厚的声音，这是海洋学研究所的科学家通过实验和观测发现的。
B:地球上二氧化碳气的数量影响着大气的温度，而二氧化碳的数量在很大程度上是由海水中的大小气泡决定的。
C:科学家将气泡分为一大一小两个种类，大小气泡形成的过程不尽相同，但都遵循了能量守恒的规律。
D:浪尖卷裹的空气被海浪分割成大气泡，海水表面的空气同时被浪花带入水中形成小于1毫米的小气泡。
25、根据原文所给的信息，一下推断不恰当的一项是（　　）(A)  (2分)
A:大气泡是管状空间被海浪切割形成的，其直径超过了1毫米，因此在爆裂时所发出的声音也就更急促、更洪亮。
B:在地震和山体滑坡等自然现象中都可以发现能量守恒的规律，可见这个规律是对物质运动现象的准确的抽象。
C:有关科学家都很重视改善大气环境，他们对海水溶解二氧化碳的研究，可能为减弱地球“温室效应”提供新的思路。
D:浪花气泡成了弹奏动人音乐的天才的演奏家，这种奇妙的比喻表明科学和艺术常常是联系在一起的。

英语
一、词汇与语法(总15分)
1、 We‘ll have to finish the job. ______.(D)  (0.5分)
A: long it takes however           B:it takes however long
C:long however it takes            D:however long it takes
2、Your performance in the driving test didn‘t reach required standard ___________. You failed.(C)  (0.5分)
A:in the end       B:after all        C:in other words         D:at the same time
3、一Hey, look where you are going?
一Oh, I‘m terribly sorry. ___________.(B)  (0.5分)
A:I‘m not noticing     B:I wasn‘t noticing       C:I haven‘t noticing      D:I don‘t noticing
4、When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door___________ "Sorry to miss you；will call later." (D)  (0.5分)
A:read        B:reads        C:to read         D:reading
5、一Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?
一I‘m afraid _______ day is possible. (B)  (0.5分)
A:either        B:neither        C:some        D:any
6、一You haven‘t been to Beijing, have you?
一______. How I wish to go there!    (D)  (0.5分)
A:Yes, I have        B:Yes, I haven‘t        C:No, I have         D: I haven‘t
7、I hate ______when people talk with their mouths full.(A)  (0.5分)
A:it           B:that         C:these           D:them
8、Dr.Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I can‘t remember _____. (C)  (0.5分)
A:where          B:there          C:which         D:that
9、一Nancy is not coming tonight.
一But she ______!  (B)  (0.5分)
A:promises         B:promised          C:will promise         D:had promised
10、If I had _____, I‘d visit Europe ,stopping at all the small interesting places. (A)  (0.5分)
A:a long enough holiday          B:an enough long holiday
C:a holiday enough long          D:a long holiday enough
11、Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to_____. (D)  (0.5分)
A:be put up          B:give in          C:be turned on          D:go out
12、一When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.      一They _____ be ready by 12:00. (B)  (0.5分)
A:can          B:should          C:might          D:need
13、 Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _____ known for his plays. (C)  (0.5分)
A:the best           B:more           C:better          D:the most
14、一Can I get you a cup of tea?
一_____. (B)  (0.5分)
A:That‘s very nice of you           B:With pleasure
C:You can, please                 D:Thank you for the tea
15、 Why do you want a new job _____ you‘ve got such a good one already? (D)  (0.5分)
A:that            B:where            C:which           D:when
16、They _____the train until it disappeared in the distance. (B)  (0.5分)
A:saw          B:watched         C:noticed           D:observed
17、_____it with me and I‘ll see what I can do.  (D)  (0.5分)
A:When left           B:Leaving        C:If you leave         D:Leave
18、一I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
一Oh, did you ? You ____with Barbara. (A)  (0.5分)
A:could have stayed         B:could stay         C:would stay        D:must have stayed
19、Shirley _____a book about China last year but I don‘t know whether she has finished it. (D)  (0.5分)
A:has written            B:wrote           C:had written            D:was writing
20、You‘ll find this map of great ____ in helping you to get round London. (C)  (0.5分)
A:price          B:cost          C:value          D:usefulness
21、It was only when I reread his poems recently _____ I began to appreciate their beauty. (B)  (0.5分)
A:until           B:that          C:then           D:so
22、Cleaning women in big cities usually get _____ by the hour.       (C)  (0.5分)
A:pay           B:paying           C:paid          D:to pay
23、一Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
一I am tired .I ______  the living room all day.(C)  (0.5分)
A:painted           B:had painted          C:have been painting         D:have painted
24、European football is played in 80 countries, _____ it the most popular sport in the world. (A)  (0.5分)
A:making           B:makes            C:make           D:to make
25、I‘d rather that you _________ go there with them.. (C)  (0.5分)
A:don‘t           B:haven‘t           C:didn‘t            D:won’t
26、If I _________ your brother yesterday, I would have told him the news. (D)  (0.5分)
A:did see           B:saw            C:would see          D:had seen
27、_______ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party. (C)  (0.5分)
A:Had they arrived                    B:Would they arrive
C:Were they to arrive                  D:Were they arriving
28、Their advice that she _____ till we get further instructions is reasonable.(D)  (0.5分)
A:will wait           B:has been waiting          C:waits           D:wait
29、Nick works hard. He is often seen ＿＿＿heavily before his teammates start.(C)  (0.5分)
A:sweated           B:to be sweated           C:sweating           D:being sweated
30、With the development of Science and Economy, many a man ______ the importance of protecting the environment.(B)  (0.5分)
A:have realized                       B:has realized
C:have been realizing                  D:has been realizing
二、完型填空(总15分)
通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从每小题的四个选项中选出可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
It was the night before the composition was due. As I looked at the list of topics(题目)，“The Art of Eating Spaghetti(意大利面条)”caught my eyes. The word “spaghetti”brought back the ____1______ of an evening at Uncle Allen’s in Belleville ____2____ all of us were seated around the table and Aunt Pat __3____ spaghetti for supper. Spaghetti was an exotic (外来的) treat in ___4____ days. Never had I eaten spaghetti, and ___5___ of the grown-ups had enough experience to be good at it. What laughing ____6____ we had about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti from plate to mouth. _____7____, I wanted to write about that, but I wanted to ____8___ it down simply for my own ______9_____, not for Mr. Fleagle, my composition teacher. As for him, I would write something else.
When I finish it the night was half gone and there was no __10____ left to write a proper composition for Mr. Fleagle. There was no choice next morning but to hand in my work. Two days passed before Mr. Fleagle returned the __11_____ papers. He said,“Now, class, I want to read you a composition,‘The Art of Eating Spaghetti’.”
My words! He was reading my words out ____12_____ to the whole class. ____13___ laughed, then the whole class was laughing with open-hearted enjoyment. I did my best not to show _____14____, but what I was feeling was pure happiness, for my words had the power to make people _____15____.
31、1(A)  (1分)
A:memory            B:thought           C:knowledge           D:experience
32、2(A)  (1分)
A: when             B:where            C:since          D:after
33、3(B)  (1分)
A:cooked           B:served            C:got           D:made
34、4(D)  (1分)
A:their            B:past           C:last            D:those
35、5(A)  (1分)
A:none            B:one            C:earns            D:neither
36、6(D)  (1分)
A:speeches          B:lessons          C:sayings           D:arguments
37、7(C)  (1分)
A:Especially         B:Probably        C:Suddenly         D:Fortunately
38、8(B)  (1分)
A:settle            B:put            C:take            D:let
39、9(D)  (1分)
A:work            B:story           C:luck            D:joy
40、10(A)  (1分)
A:time            B:excuse          C:way            D:idea
41、11 (B)  (1分)
A:written          B:graded          C:collected        D:signed
42、12(A)  (1分)
A:loud            B:fast             C:publicly        D:calmly
43、13(C)  (1分)
A:People          B:Nobody          C:Somebody      D:I
44、14(D)  (1分)
A:shock         B:wonder          C:worry          D:pleasure
45、15(D)  (1分)
A:excited        B:satisfied         C:think           D:think 
三、阅读理解(总20分)
In ancient times wealth was measured and exchanged in things that could be touched: food, tools, and precious metals and stones. Then the barter system was replaced by coins, which still had real value since they were pieces of rare metal. Coins were followed by fiat money, paper notes that have value only because everyone agrees to accept them.
Today electronic monetary systems are gradually being introduced that will transform money into even less tangible forms, reducing it to a series of “bits and bytes”, or units of computerized information, going between machines at the speed of light. Already, electronic fund transfer allows money to be instantly sent and received by different banks, companies, and countries through computers and telecommunications devices.
46、Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage? (B)  (2分)
A: International Banking Policies           
B:The History of Monetary Exchange
C:The Development of Paper Currencies     
D:Current Problems in the Economy
47、According to the passage, which of the following was the earliest kind of exchange of wealth? (A)  (2分)
A:Bartered foods                 B:Fiat money
C:Coin currency                 D:Intangible forms
48、The author mentions food, tools and precious metals and stones together because they are all ________. (D)  (2分)
A:useful items                         B:articles of value
C:difficult things to obtain               D:material objects
49、According to the passage, coins once had real value as currency because they ____. (C)  (2分)
A:represented a great improvement over barter
B:permitted easy transportation of wealth
C:were made of precious metals
D:could become collector’s items
50、Which of the following statements about computerized monetary systems is NOT supported by the passage? (C)  (2分)
A:They promote international trade.
B:They allow very rapid money transfers.
C:They are still limited to small transactions (交易).
D:They are dependent on good telecommunications systems.
At the University of Kansas art museum, scientists tested the effect of different colored walls on two groups of visitors to an exhibit of paintings. For the first group the room was painted white; for the second, dark brown. Movement of each group was followed by an electrical equipment under the carpet. The experiment showed that those who entered the dark brown walked more quickly, covered more area, and spent less time in the room than people in the white one. Dark brown made people more active, but the activity ended sooner. Not only the choice of colors but also the general appearance of a room affects those inside. Another experiment presented people with photographs of faces whose energy was to be commented. Three groups of people were used; each was shown the same photos, but each group was in an ordinary room—a nice office. The third was in a tastefully designed living room with carpeting. Results showed that the people in the beautiful room tend to give higher marks to the faces than those in the ugly room did. Other studies that students do better on tests taken in comfortable room than in ordinary-looking or ugly rooms.
51、Which of the following is the best expression of the main idea of this passage?(B)  (2分)
A:People in beautiful rooms tend to give higher marks to photos of faces than people in ugly rooms
B:The color and general appearance of a room have a deeper effect on the behavior of the people in it
C:The University of Kansas has studied the effects of the color of room on people’s behavior
D:Beautifully furnished, light-coloured rooms make people more comfortable than ugly, dark rooms
52、According to the passage, we may conclude that the whiter a room is ________.(A)  (2分)
A: the longer people like to stay in it
B: the sooner people in it will leave
C: the more active people in it will become
D:the more excited people
53、What is referred to as the “general appearance”in this passage is ________.(D)  (2分)
A:how many broad windows a room has, through which sunlight might come in
B:the size of a room
C:whether there are beautiful walls in a room
D:what the room looks like
54、This passage provides us with _______.(A)  (2分)
A: a piece of scientific information                 B: a normal lesson
C:an interesting test                             D:a piece of news
55、At least how many tests were carried out by the scientists referred to in this passage?   (A)  (2分)
A:Three          B:Two            C:Only one            D:No one knows