中国石油大学（北京）考试资料专升本理科（二）

大学英语
一、词汇与语法(总15分)
1、Motorists _____ of speeding may be banned from driving for a year.(A)  (0.5分)
A:convicted              B:arrested               C:charged               D:judged
2、The reason why he adapted to the new situations quickly is that he has a _____ attitude.(D)  (0.5分)
A:changeable            B:alternate               C:movable              D:flexible
3、Will all those _____ the proposal raise their hands?(D)  (0.5分)
A:in relation to           B:in excess of              C:in contrast to          D: in favor of
4、An early typewriter produced letters quickly and neatly; the typist, _____ couldn‘t see his work on his machine.(A)  (0.5分)
A:however               B:therefore               C:yet                  D:although
5、We are interested in the weather because it _____ us so directly
------ what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.(C)  (0.5分)
A:benefits               B:guides                  C:affects               D:effects
6、I can meet you at eight o‘clock; ____ you can call for me.(C)  (0.5分)
A:incidentally            B:actually                  C:alternatively           D:accordingly
7、He has the ____ of an athlete: he really goes all out to win.(C)  (0.5分)
A:instants               B:instances                 C:instincts             D:intelligences
8、A university is an educational institution which _____ degrees and carries out research.(B)  (0.5分)
A:rewards               B:awards                   C:grants              D:presents
9、The old lady can‘t hope to ____her cold in a few days.(A) (0.5分)
A:get over               B:get off                    C:hold back           D:hold up
10、Jim‘s plans to go to college ___at the last moment.(D)  (0.5分)
A:fell out                B:gave away                 C:gave off             D:fell through
11、The Department is also deeply __ in various improvement schemes. (C)  (0.5分)
A:connected             B:included                  C:involved             D:implied
12、Keys should never be hidden around the house since thieves _____ know where to look.(D)  (0.5分)
A:virtually               B:variously                  C:unavoidably          D:invariably
13、The boy had a _____ escape when he ran across the road in front of the bus.(C)  (0.5分)
A:close                  B:short                     C:narrow              D:fine
14、Do you mind if I ____ with my work while you are getting tea ready.(C)  (0.5分)
A:get through             B:turn to                   C:carry on              D:come on
15、I left for the office earlier than usual this morning _____ traffic jam.(B)  (0.5分)
A:in line with           B:in case of                   C:for the sake of         D:at the risk of
16、The finance minister has not been so _____ since he raised taxes to such a high level.(A)  (0.5分)
A:popular               B:well-known                C:favorable             D:preferable
17、It is wrong for someone in such a high _____ in the government to behave too badly in public.(B)  (0.5分)
A:situation              B:position                   C:employment          D:profession
18、The two things are the same in outward form but different_____.(D)  (0.5分)
A:in addition             B:in brief                    C:in common            D:in essence
19、He looked rather untidy as there were two buttons _____ from his coat.(D)  (0.5分)
A:loosing        B:losing      C:off      D:missing
20、Despite their good service, most inns are less costly than hotels of _____ standards.(A)  (0.5分)
A:equivalent      B:uniform    C:alike       D:likely
21、The workmen made so much __ that Mrs. Walker had to spend three days cleaning up afterwards.(C)  (0.5分)
A:trouble      B:damage      C:mess    D:nuisance
22、They have held several meetings to _____ next year‘s production plans.(D)  (0.5分)
A:set down         B:make out           C:work up             D:draw up
23、How can we get this language point _____ to the students.(C)  (0.5分)
A:down     B:round      C:across       D:into
24、This book gives a brief _____ of the history of the castle and details of the art collection in the main hall.(A)  (0.5分)
A:outline       B:reference         C:article         D:outlook
25、Dress warmly, _____ you‘ll catch cold.(C)  (0.5分)
A:on the contrary        B:or rather        C:or else        D: in no way
26、Kate‘s ambition to become a nurse _____ from a desire to help others.(D)  (0.5分
A:prompted        B:promoted        C:programmed       D:proceeded
27、The island where these rare birds nest has been declared a _____.(D)  (0.5分)
A:observation       B:reservation       C:preservation       D:conservation
28、Although John was the eldest in the family, he always let his sister _____ charge of the house.(A)  (0.5分)
A: take            B:hold           C:make        D:get
29、The child enjoyed _____ up the wooden bricks then knocking them down.(C)  (0.5分)
A:adding         B:pushing       C:piling         D:forming
30、John was very upset because he was _____ by the police with breaking the law.(D)  (0.5分)
A:accused       B:arrested         C:sentenced         D:charged
二、完型填空(总15分)
Cars are _____1____ important part of life in the United States. __2_____ a car most people feel that they are poor.
Henry Ford is the a who first started making cars in large ___3____. He probably didn’t know how much the car was going to __4______ American culture. The car ___5_____ the United States a nation on wheels.
There are three main reasons the car ___6_____ so popular in the United States. First of all, the country is a huge one and Americans like to move around ______7_______it. The car provides ___8_____ comfortable and cheapest form of all the means of transportation.
The second reason cars are popular is __9_______ the United States has never really ___10______ an efficient and inexpensive form of public transportation. Nowadays there is a good system of air service ___11____ by planes. But it is too expensive to ____12_____ frequently.
The third reason is the most important one. The American spirit of independence is ____13_____ really made cars popular. Americans don’t like to wait for a bus, or a train of even a plane. They don’t like to have to __14____ an exact schedule. A car gives them the freedom to schedule their own time. And this is ___15____ that Americans want most to have.
31、1(B)  (1分)A:the         B:an           C:a               D:not
32、2(B)  (1分) A:With       B:Without      C:Have no          D:Not have
33、3(C)  (1分) A:number    B:amount       C:numbers          D:members
34、4(D)  (1分) A:affects     B:effect         C:affected          D:affect
35、5(A)  (1分) A:makes          B:helps          C:tells             D:created
36、6(A)  (1分) A:became         B:started        C:becomes         D:grow
37、7(D)  (1分) A:with            B:on            C:at              D:in
38、8(C)  (1分) A:the more        B:better         C:the most         D:fastest
39、9(A)  (1分) A:the fact that      B:that the fact   C:the fact           D:a fact
40、10(B)  (1分) A:developing      B:developed     C:development      D:develop
41、11(A)  (1分) A:provided       B:supply         C:offer            D:providing
42、12(D)  (1分) A:make          B:be made       C:use             D:be used
43、13(C)  (1分) A:which          B:that          C:what             D:where
44、14(C)  (1分) A:go             B:act           C:follow           D:carry out
45、15(C)  (1分) A:freedom   B:democracy          C:the freedom      D:the democracy
三、阅读理解(总20分)
A few days ago I asked my son’s governess（女家庭教师）Julia to come into my study. “Be seated, Julia, ”I said, “Let’s settle our accounts. I guess you most likely need some money, but maybe you’re too polite to mention it. Now then, we agreed on thirty dollars a month...”
　　“Forty.”
　　“No, thirty. I made a note of it. I always pay our governess thirty. Well, um, you’ve been here two months, so...”
　　“Two months and five days.”
　　“Exactly two months. I made a special note of it. That means you have sixty dollars coming to you. Take off nine Sundays... you know you didn’t work with Tom on Sundays, you only took walks. And three holidays... ”Julia was biting her finger nail nervously, her face red, but - not a word.
　　“Three holidays, therefore take off twelve dollars. Four days Tom was sick and there were no lessons, as you were occupied only with Dick. Three days you had a toothache and my wife gave you permission not to work after lunch. Twelve and seven - nineteen. Take nineteen off ... that leaves. hmm.... forty one dollars. Correct？”
　　Julia’s left eye reddened with tears welling up. Her chin trembled; she coughed nervously and blew her nose, but - still not a word.
　　“Around New Year’s Day you broke a teacup and a saucer; take off two dollars. The cup cost more, it was a treasure of the family, but- forget it. When didn’t I take a loss! Then, due to your neglect （疏忽）, Tom climbed a tree and tore his jacket; take away ten. Also due to your carelessness the maid stole Dick’s shoes. You ought to watch everything! You get paid for it. So, that means five more dollars off. The tenth of January I gave ten dollars.”
　　“You didn’t. ”sobbed Julia.
　　“But I made a note of it.”
　　“Well... if you say so.”
　　“Take twenty seven from forty one -that leaves fourteen.”
　　Both her eyes were filled with tears. Beads of sweat stood on the thin pretty little nose. Poor girl!
　　“Only once was I given any money,”she whispered, her voice trembling, “and that was by your wife. Three dollars, nothing more.”
　　“Really? You see now, and I didn’t know that! Take three from fourteen.. leaves eleven. Here’s your money, my dear. Three, three, three, one and one. Here it is !”
　　I handed her eleven dollars. She took them and pocketed them.
　　“Merci （法语: 谢谢）,”she whispered.
　　I jumped to my feet and started pacing the room. I was overcome with anger. “For what, this - ‘merci’?”I asked.
　　“For the money. ”
　　“But you know I’ve cheated you - robbed you ! I have actually stolen from you ! Why this‘merci’？”
　　“In my other p
A few days ago I asked my son’s governess（女家庭教师）Julia to come into my study. “Be seated, Julia, ”I said, “Let’s settle our accounts. I guess you most likely need some money, but maybe you’re too polite to mention it. Now then, we agreed on thirty dollars a month...”
　　“Forty.”
　　“No, thirty. I made a note of it. I always pay our governess thirty. Well, um, you’ve been here two months, so...”
　　“Two months and five days.”
　　“Exactly two months. I made a special note of it. That means you have sixty dollars coming to you. Take off nine Sundays... you know you didn’t work with Tom on Sundays, you only took walks. And three holidays... ”Julia was biting her finger nail nervously, her face red, but - not a word.
　　“Three holidays, therefore take off twelve dollars. Four days Tom was sick and there were no lessons, as you were occupied only with Dick. Three days you had a toothache and my wife gave you permission not to work after lunch. Twelve and seven - nineteen. Take nineteen off ... that leaves. hmm.... forty one dollars. Correct？”
　　Julia’s left eye reddened with tears welling up. Her chin trembled; she coughed nervously and blew her nose, but - still not a word.
　　“Around New Year’s Day you broke a teacup and a saucer; take off two dollars. The cup cost more, it was a treasure of the family, but- forget it. When didn’t I take a loss! Then, due to your neglect （疏忽）, Tom climbed a tree and tore his jacket; take away ten. Also due to your carelessness the maid stole Dick’s shoes. You ought to watch everything! You get paid for it. So, that means five more dollars off. The tenth of January I gave ten dollars.”
　　“You didn’t. ”sobbed Julia.
　　“But I made a note of it.”
　　“Well... if you say so.”
　　“Take twenty seven from forty one -that leaves fourteen.”
　　Both her eyes were filled with tears. Beads of sweat stood on the thin pretty little nose. Poor girl!
　　“Only once was I given any money,”she whispered, her voice trembling, “and that was by your wife. Three dollars, nothing more.”
　　“Really? You see now, and I didn’t know that! Take three from fourteen.. leaves eleven. Here’s your money, my dear. Three, three, three, one and one. Here it is !”
　　I handed her eleven dollars. She took them and pocketed them.
　　“Merci （法语: 谢谢）,”she whispered.
　　I jumped to my feet and started pacing the room. I was overcome with anger. “For what, this - ‘merci’?”I asked.
　　“For the money. ”
　　“But you know I’ve cheated you - robbed you ! I have actually stolen from you ! Why this‘merci’？”
　　“In my other places they didn’t give me anything at all.”
　　“They didn’t give you anything? No wonder! I played a little joke on you, a cruel lesson, just to teach you... I m going to give you all the eighty dollars! Here they are in the envelope all ready for you... Is it really possible to be so spineless （懦弱）?Why didn’t you protest? Why were you silent? Is it possible in this world to be without teeth and claws（爪）—to be such a fool?”
　　Embarrassed, she smiled. And I could read her expression,“It is possible.”
　　I asked her pardon for the cruel lesson and, to her great surprise, gave her the eighty dollars. She murmured her little“merci”several times and went out. I looked after her and thought,“How easy it is to crush the weak in this world !”
laces they didn’t give me anything at all.”
　　“They didn’t give you anything? No wonder! I played a little joke on you, a cruel lesson, just to teach you... I m going to give you all the eighty dollars! Here they are in the envelope all ready for you... Is it really possible to be so spineless （懦弱）?Why didn’t you protest? Why were you silent? Is it possible in this world to be without teeth and claws（爪）—to be such a fool?”
　　Embarrassed, she smiled. And I could read her expression,“It is possible.”
　　I asked her pardon for the cruel lesson and, to her great surprise, gave her the eighty dollars. She murmured her little“merci”several times and went out. I looked after her and thought,“How easy it is to crush the weak in this world !”
46、While talking to Julia, the wrier expected from her ___.(A) (2分)
A:a protest　　　B:gratitude     C:obedience　D:an explanation
47、What shocked the writer was Julia’s _______.(B)  (2分)
A:nervousness in front of her boss            B:acceptance of injustice
C:shyness when talking about money          D:reluctance to express herself
48、The writer said,“Is it possible in this world to be without teeth and claws?”He was actually telling the governess___.(C) (2分)
A:to be more aggressive                 B:to be more careful in her work
C: to protect her right                   D:to live independently
49、At the end of the story, the writer said,“How easy it is to crush the weak in this world!”to show ________.(D)  (2分)
A:his understanding of Julia’s anxiety
B:his worry about Julia’s future
C:his concern on the living condition of working - class people
D:his sympathy for the mental state of those exploited
50、From the story, we can tell that Julia’s employer was ________.(D)  (2分)
A:greedy but honest                     B:ill - tempered but warm - hearted
C:strict but forgiving                     D:none of the above
 
So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning , they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that“reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible”.
Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also public activity. It can be seen and observed.
Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private ,for learning is an occupation of the mind ,and that process is not open to public scrutiny.
If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable ,what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest（探索）for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children. ”
When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher fulfil them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of leaning to read by reading.
51、The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that ________.(D)  (2分)
A:it is one of the most difficult school courses
B:students spend endless hours in reading
C:reading tasks are assigned with little guidance
D:too much time is spent in teaching about reading
52、The teaching of reading will be successful if ________.(B)  (2分)
A:teachers can improve conditions at school for the students
B:teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading
C:teachers can devise the most effcient system for reading
D:teachers can make their teaching activities observable
53、The underlined word“scrutiny”most probably means“_______”.(B)  (2分)
A:inquiry　     B:observation        C:control　       D:suspicion
54、According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when ________.(A)  (2分)
A:children become highly motivated  
B:teacher and learner roles are interchangeable
C:teaching helps children in the search for knowledge
D:reading enriches children’s experience
55、The main idea of the passage is that ________.(C)  (2分)
A:teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read
B:teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible
C:reading ability is something acquired rather than taught
D:reading is more complicated that generally believed

计算机应用基础
一、选择题(总50分)
1、下列术语中，属于显示器性能指标的是_________ (C)  (1.25分)
A:速度              B:可靠性           C:分辨率             D:精度
2、一个完备的计算机系统应该包含计算机的_________(B)  (1.25分)
A:主机和外设       B:硬件和软件       C:CPU 和存储器       D:控制器和运算器
3、计算机的内存容量也可能不同，而计算容量的基本单位是________(C)  (1.25分)
A:字               B:页                C:字节                D:位
4、不同的芯片有不同的字长，目前芯片有多种型号，其中奔腾IV芯片的字长________ (D)  (1.25分)
A:8 位             B:16 位             C:32 位               D:64 位
5、能够将高级语言源程序加工为目标程序的系统软件是_______ (C)  (1.25分)
A: 解释程序        B:汇编程序          C:编译程序           D:编辑程序
6、微型计算机与外部设备之间的信息传输方式有__________(B)  (1.25分)
A:仅串行方式      B:串行方式          C:连接方式           D:仅并行方式
7、通常所说的“裸机”是指的那种计算机，它仅有_________ (A)  (1.25分)
A:硬件系结        B:软件              C:指令系统           D:CPU
8、计算机主机的组成是_______ (B)  (1.25分)
A:运算器和控制器     B:中央处理器和主存储器    C:运算器和外设     D:运算器和存储器
9、计算机中的运算器的主要功能是完成________ (C)  (1.25分)
A:代数和逻辑运算     B:代数和四则运算          C:算术和逻辑运算   D:算术和代数运算
10、时至今日，计算机仍采用程序内存或称存储程序原理，原理的提出者是_______(C)  (1.25分)
A:莫尔                B:比尔·盖茨                 C:冯·诺依曼        D: 科得(E.F.Codd)
11、中央处理器(CPU) 可直接读写的计算机部件是________ (A)  (1.25分)
A:内存                B:硬盘                    C:软盘              D:外存
12、Windows 中可以设置、控制计算机硬件配置和修改显示属性的应用程序是_______ (D)  (1.25分)
A:Word                 B:Excel                     C:资源管理器       D:控制面板  
13、在Windows 中,不属于控制面板操作的是________ (C)  (1.25分)
A:更改画面显示和字体 B:添加新硬件             C:造字             D:调整鼠标的使用设置  
14、在Windows 资源管理器中选定了文件或文件夹后，若要将它们移动到不同驱动器的文件夹中,操作为_______ (C)  (1.25分)
A:按下Ctrl 键拖动鼠标  B:按下Shift 键拖动鼠标  C:直接拖动鼠标    D:按下Alt 键拖动鼠标 
15、下列不是汉字输入码的是_______  (C)  (1.25分)
A:国标码              B:五笔字型                C:ASCII 码          D:双拼  
16、与计算机系统有关的汉字编码为_______ (C)  (1.25分)
A:国标码              B:区位码                  C:机内码           D:输入码  
17、在Windows 的中文输入方式下,在几种中文输入方式之间切换应按_______键。(B)  (1.25分)
A:Ctrl+Alt               B:Ctl+Shitt                  C:Shift+Space         D:Ctrl+Space  
18、在Windows 中下面的叙述正确的是_______ (A)  (1.25分)
A:“写字板”是字处理软件,不能进行图文处理          B:“画图”是绘图工具, 不能输入文字
C:“写字板”和“画图”均可以进行文字和图形处理       D: 以上说法都不对  
19、在Word编辑状态下,对于选定的文字_________ (C)  (1.25分)
A:可以移动,不可以复制 B:可以复制,不可以移动 C:可以进行移动或复制D:可以同时进行移动和复制
20、在Word编辑状态下,若光标位于表格外右侧的行尾处,按Enter (回车)键,结果为_______ (C)  (1.25分)
A:光标移到下一列                        B:光标移到下一行,表格行数不变
C:插入一行,表格行数改变                 D:在本单元格内换行,表格行数不变‘
21、关于Word中的多文档窗口操作,以下叙述中错误的是_________。(B)  (1.25分)
A:Word的文档窗口可以拆分为两个文档窗口
B:多个文档编辑工作结束后，只能一个一个地存盘或关闭文档窗口
C:Word允许同时打开多个文档进行编辑,每个文档有一个文档窗口
D:多文档窗口间的内容可以进行剪切、粘贴和复制等操作
22、在Word中,若要计算表格中某行数值的总和,可使用的统计函数是___  (A)  (1.25分)
A:Sum ()　              B:Total()　                  C:Count ()　          D:Average()
23、在Word中,下述关于分栏操作的说法,正确的是______。(A)  (1.25分)
A:可以将指定的段落分成指定宽度的两栏          B:任何视图下均可看到分栏效果
C:设置的各栏宽度和间距与页面宽度无关          D:栏与栏之间不可以设置分隔线
24、在Word编辑状态下,进行改变段落的缩进方式、调整左右边界等操作,最直观、快速的方法是利用______。(D)  (1.25分)
A:菜单栏              B:工具栏             C:格式栏             D:标尺
25、在Word 编辑状态下,要将另一文档的内容全部添加在当前文档的当前光标处,应选择的操作是单击______菜单项(C)  (1.25分)
A:文件→打开       B:文件→新建       C:插入→文件      D:插入→超级链接
26、在Excel 中，把鼠标指向被选中单元格边框，当指针变成箭头时，拖动鼠标到目标单元格时，将完成___________操作。(B)  (1.25分)
A:删除              B:移动               C:自动填充            D:复制
27、在Excel 中，有关行高的表述，下面说法中错误的是______(C)  (1.25分)
A:整行的高度是一样的
B:在不调整行高的情况下，系统默认设置行高自动以本行中最高的字符为准
C:行增高时，该行各单元格中的字符也随之自动增高
D:一次可以调整多行的行高
28、在Excel 工作表中，_______操作可以删除工作表D列。(B)  (1.25分)
A:单击列号D，按Del键                     B:单击列号D，选择“编辑”菜单下的“删除”
C:单击列号D，选择工具条上的“剪切”按钮     D:单击列号D，选择“编辑”菜单下的“清除”→“全部”
29、在Excel 工作表的单元格中，如想输入数字字符串070615(例如学号)，则应输入____(D)  (1.25分)
A:00070615           B:070615　            C:070615　          D:‘070615
30、在Excel 中，_________形式不符合日期格式。(A)  (1.25分)
A:"10/15/04"          B:15--OCT--04　        C:2004/10/15　       D:10.15.04
31、PowerPoint 的“幻灯片浏览视图”按钮在_____中。(A)  (1.25分)
A:状态栏　         B:“格式”工具栏       C:垂直滚动条        D:菜单栏
32、在演示文稿中，在插入超级链接中所链的目标不能是_____(D)  (1.25分)
A:另一个演示文稿                         B:同一演示文稿的某一张幻灯片
C:其他应用程序的文档                     D:幻灯片中的某个对象
33、在PowerPoint 中，如果在大纲视图中输入文本，______。(B)  (1.25分)
A:该文本只能在幻灯片视图中修改
B:既可以在幻灯片视图中修改文本，也可以在大纲视图中修改文本
C:在大纲视图中用文本框移动文本
D:不能在大纲视图中删除文本
34、在PowerPoint 中，为建立图表而输入数字的区域是__________。(B)  (1.25分)
A:边距             B:数据表             C:大纲              D:图形编译器
35、在PowerPoint 中，停止幻灯片播放按动的按钮是______。(D)  (1.25分)
A:Enter              B:Shift                C:Ctrl                 D:Esc
36、提供不可靠传输的传输层协议是_________(C)  (1.25分)
A:TCP　            B:IP                   C:UDP　             D:ppp
37、关于Internet，下列说法不正确的是__________(D)  (1.25分)
A:Internet是全球性的国际网络               B:Internet起源于美国
C:通过Internet可以实现资源共享            D:Internet不存在网络安全问题
38、当前我国的_________主要以科研和教育为目的，从事非经营性的活动。(D)  (1.25分)
A:金桥信息网(GBNet)　                B:中国公用计算机网(ChinaNet)
C:中科院网络(CSTNd)                 D:中国教育和科研网(CERNET)
39、下列IP地址中，非法的IP地址组是_____________(A)  (1.25分)
A:259.197.184.2与202.197.184.144　             B:127.0.0.1与192.168.0.21
C:202.196.64.1与202.197.176.16　　             D:255.255.255.0与10.10.3.1
40、传输控制协议/网际协议即___________属工业标准协议，是Internet采用的主要协议。(B)  (1.25分)
A:Telnet　           B:TCP/IP　           C:HTTP              D:FTP